Vegetation

Vegetation contributes to the cooling of the buildings through shading, increased evapotranspiration, and improved airflow. Exterior surface temperatures are reduced by interventions such as green roofs, vertical gardens, and tree canopies, reducing excessive heat gains in the indoor environment (Mangone et al., 2014). According to studies, vegetation can reduce indoor temperatures by up to 3–5°C, especially in highly insulated low-energy buildings.

Advantages

1) Greenery improves occupant perception of comfort, making warmer temperatures feel more bearable in summer (Mangone et al., 2014).

2) Strategic vegetation placement lowers indoor temperatures, reducing cooling loads and energy consumption (Mangone et al., 2014).

3) Green roofs and vertical gardens act as thermal buffers, naturally improving insulation and cooling buildings.